M

*Msg
A global variable holding the last recently issued error message. See also Error Handling, *Err and ^.
: (+ 'A 2)
!? (+ 'A 2)
A -- Number expected
?
:
: *Msg
-> "Number expected"
+Mis
Prefix class to explicitly specify validation functions for +relations. Expects a function that takes a value and an entity object, and returns NIL if everything is correct, or an error string. See also Database.
(class +Ord +Entity)            # Order class
(rel pos (+Mis +List +Joint)    # List of positions in that order
   ((Val Obj)
      (when (memq NIL Val)
         "There are empty positions" ) )
   ord (+Pos) )
(macro prg) -> any
Substitues all pat? symbols in prg (using fill), and executes the result with run. Used occasionally to call functions which otherwise do not evaluate their arguments.
: (de timerMessage (@N . @Prg)
   (setq @N (- @N))
   (macro
      (task @N 0 . @Prg) ) )
-> timerMessage
: (timerMessage 6000 (println 'Timer 6000))
-> (-6000 0 (println 'Timer 6000))
: (timerMessage 12000 (println 'Timer 12000))
-> (-12000 0 (println 'Timer 12000))
: (more *Run)
(-12000 2616 (println 'Timer 12000))
(-6000 2100 (println 'Timer 6000))
-> NIL
: Timer 6000
Timer 12000
...
(made ['lst1 ['lst2]]) -> lst
Initializes a new list value for the current make environment. All list elements already produced with chain, link and yoke are discarded, and lst1 is used instead. Optionally, lst2 can be specified as the new linkage cell, otherwise the last cell of lst1 is used. When called without arguments, made does not modify the environment. In any case, the current list is returned.
: (make
   (link 'a 'b 'c)         # Link three items
   (println (made))        # Print current list (a b c)
   (made (1 2 3))          # Discard it, start new with (1 2 3)
   (link 4) )              # Link 4
(a b c)
-> (1 2 3 4)
(mail 'any 'cnt|lst 'sym1|lst2 'sym2|lst3 'sym3 'lst4 . prg)'
Sends an eMail via SMTP to a mail server at host any, port cnt. If the second argument is a list, it should be a structure (user password . port), and "@bin/ssl" will be called to establish an encrypted connection. sym1|lst2 should be the "from" address (or a cons pair of "reply-to" and "from"), sym2|lst3 the "to" address(es), and sym3 the subject. lst4 is a list of attachments, each one specified by three elements for path, name and mime type. prg generates the mail body with prEval. See also connect.
(mail "localhost" 25                               # Local mail server
   "a@bc.de"                                       # "From" address
   "abu@software-lab.de"                           # "To" address
   "Testmail"                                      # Subject
   (quote
      "img/go.png" "go.png" "image/png"            # First attachment
      "img/7fach.gif" "7fach.gif" "image/gif" )    # Second attachment
   "Hello,"                                        # First line
   NIL                                             # (empty line)
   (prinl (pack "This is mail #" (+ 3 4))) )       # Third line
(make .. [(made 'lst ..)] .. [(link 'any ..)] ..) -> any
Initializes and executes a list-building process with the made, chain, link and yoke functions, and returns the resulting list. The final linkage cell is stored in the global variable @@. For efficiency, pointers to the head and the tail of the list are maintained internally.
: (make (link 1) (link 2 3) (link 4))
-> (1 2 3 4)
: (make (made (1 2 3)) (link 4))
-> (1 2 3 4)
(map 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst
Applies fun to lst and all successive CDRs. When additional lst arguments are given, they are passed to fun in the same way. Returns the result of the last application. See also mapc, maplist, mapcar, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (map println (1 2 3 4) '(A B C))
(1 2 3 4) (A B C)
(2 3 4) (B C)
(3 4) (C)
(4) NIL
-> NIL
map/3
Pilog predicate that returns a list and subsequent CDRs of that list, after applying the get algorithm to that object and the following arguments. Often used in database queries. See also lst/3.
: (? (db nr +Ord 1 @Ord) (map @L @Ord pos))
 @Ord={B7} @L=({A1} {A2} {A3})
 @Ord={B7} @L=({A2} {A3})
 @Ord={B7} @L=({A3})
-> NIL
(mapc 'fun 'lst ..) -> any
Applies fun to each element of lst. When additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed to fun. Returns the result of the last application. See also map, maplist, mapcar, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (mapc println (1 2 3 4) '(A B C))
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 NIL
-> NIL
(mapcan 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst
Applies fun to each element of lst. When additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed to fun. Returns a (destructively) concatenated list of all results. See also map, mapc, maplist, mapcar, mapcon, filter.
: (mapcan reverse '((a b c) (d e f) (g h i)))
-> (c b a f e d i h g)
(mapcar 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst
Applies fun to each element of lst. When additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed to fun. Returns a list of all results. See also map, mapc, maplist, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (mapcar + (1 2 3) (4 5 6))
-> (5 7 9)
: (mapcar + (1 2 3) 5)
-> (6 7 8)
: (mapcar '((X Y) (+ X (* Y Y))) (1 2 3 4) (5 6 7 8))
-> (26 38 52 68)
(mapcon 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst
Applies fun to lst and all successive CDRs. When additional lst arguments are given, they are passed to fun in the same way. Returns a (destructively) concatenated list of all results. See also map, mapc, maplist, mapcar, mapcan and filter.
: (mapcon copy '(1 2 3 4 5))
-> (1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 4 5 5)
(maplist 'fun 'lst ..) -> lst
Applies fun to lst and all successive CDRs. When additional lst arguments are given, they are passed to fun in the same way. Returns a list of all results. See also map, mapc, mapcar, mapcon, mapcan and filter.
: (maplist cons (1 2 3) '(A B C))
-> (((1 2 3) A B C) ((2 3) B C) ((3) C))
(maps 'fun 'sym ['lst ..]) -> any
Applies fun to all properties of sym. When additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed to fun. Returns the result of the last application. Note that 'maps' should only be used when the property list is not modified by fun. Otherwise it is better to use a loop over the result of getl. See also putl.
: (put 'X 'a 1)
-> 1
: (put 'X 'b 2)
-> 2
: (put 'X 'flg T)
-> T
: (getl 'X)
-> (flg (2 . b) (1 . a))
: (maps println 'X '(A B))
flg A
(2 . b) B
(1 . a) NIL
-> NIL
(mark 'sym|0 ['NIL | 'T | '0]) -> flg
Tests, sets or resets a mark for sym in the database (for a second argument of NIL, T or 0, respectively), and returns the old value. The marks are local to the current process (not stored in the database), and vanish when the process terminates. If the first argument is zero, all marks are cleared.
: (pool "db")
-> T
: (mark '{1} T)      # Mark
-> NIL
: (mark '{1})        # Test
-> T                 # -> marked
: (mark '{1} 0)      # Unmark
-> T
: (mark '{1})        # Test
-> NIL               # -> unmarked
(match 'lst1 'lst2) -> flg
Takes lst1 as a pattern to be matched against lst2, and returns T when successful. Atoms must be equal, and sublists must match recursively. Symbols in the pattern list with names starting with an at-mark "@" (see pat?) are taken as wildcards. They can match zero, one or more elements, and are bound to the corresponding data. See also chop, split and fill.
: (match '(@A is @B) '(This is a test))
-> T
: @A
-> (This)
: @B
-> (a test)
: (match '(@X (d @Y) @Z) '((a b c) (d (e f) g) h i))
-> T
: @X
-> ((a b c))
: @Y
-> ((e f) g)
: @Z
-> (h i)
(max 'any ..) -> any
Returns the largest of all any arguments. See also min and Comparing.
: (max 2 'a 'z 9)
-> z
: (max (5) (2 3) 'X)
-> (5)
(maxKey 'tree ['any1 ['any2]]) -> any
Returns the largest key in a database tree. If a minimal key any1 and/or a maximal key any2 is given, the largest key from that range is returned. See also tree, leaf, minKey and genKey.
: (maxKey (tree 'nr '+Item))
-> 7
: (maxKey (tree 'nr '+Item) 3 5)
-> 5
(maxi 'fun 'lst ..) -> any
Applies fun to each element of lst. When additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed to fun. Returns that element from lst for which fun returned a maximal value (and stores the maximal value in the global variable @@). See also mini and sort.
: (setq A 1  B 2  C 3)
-> 3
: (maxi val '(A B C))
-> C
: (maxi                          # Symbol with largest list value
   '((X)
      (and (pair (val X)) (size @)) )
   (all) )
-> pico
(member 'any 'lst) -> any
Returns the tail of lst that starts with any when any is a member of lst, otherwise NIL. See also memq, assoc and idx.
: (member 3 (1 2 3 4 5 6))
-> (3 4 5 6)
: (member 9 (1 2 3 4 5 6))
-> NIL
: (member '(d e f) '((a b c) (d e f) (g h i)))
-> ((d e f) (g h i))
member/2
Pilog predicate that succeeds if the the first argument is a member of the list in the second argument. See also equal/2 and member.
:  (? (member @X (a b c)))
 @X=a
 @X=b
 @X=c
-> NIL
(memq 'any 'lst) -> any
Returns the tail of lst that starts with any when any is a member of lst, otherwise NIL. == is used for comparison (pointer equality). See also member, mmeq, asoq, push1q, delq and Comparing.
: (memq 'c '(a b c d e f))
-> (c d e f)
: (memq (2) '((1) (2) (3)))
-> NIL
(meta 'obj|typ 'sym ['sym2|cnt ..]) -> any
Fetches a property value any, by searching the property lists of the classes and superclasses of obj, or the classes in typ, for the property key sym, and by applying the get algorithm to the following optional arguments. See also var:.
: (setq A '(B))            # Be 'A' an object of class 'B'
-> (B)
: (put 'B 'a 123)
-> 123
: (meta 'A 'a)             # Fetch 'a' from 'B'
-> 123
(meth 'obj ['any ..]) -> any
This function is usually not called directly, but is used by dm as a template to initialize the VAL of message symbols. It searches for itself in the methods of obj and its classes and superclasses, and executes that method. An error "Bad message" is issued if the search is unsuccessful. See also OO Concepts, method, send and try.
: meth
-> 67283504    # Value of 'meth'
: rel>
-> 67283504    # Value of any message
(method 'msg 'obj) -> fun
Returns the function body of the method that would be executed upon sending the message msg to the object obj. If the message cannot be located in obj, its classes and superclasses, NIL is returned. See also OO Concepts, send, try, meth, super, extra, class.
: (method 'mis> '+Number)
-> ((Val Obj) (and Val (not (num? Val)) "Numeric input expected"))
(methods 'sym) -> lst
(Debug mode only) Returns a list of method specifications for the object or class sym, as they are inherited from sym's classes and superclasses. See also OO Concepts, dep, class and can.
: (more (methods '+Joint))
(keep> . +Joint)
(lose> . +Joint)
(rel> . +Joint)
(mis> . +Joint)
(T . +Joint)
(print> . +relation)
(zap> . +relation)
(del> . +relation)
(put> . +relation)
(has> . +relation)
(ele> . +relation)
(min 'any ..) -> any
Returns the smallest of all any arguments. See also max and Comparing.
: (min 2 'a 'z 9)
-> 2
: (min (5) (2 3) 'X)
-> X
(minKey 'tree ['any1 ['any2]]) -> any
Returns the smallest key in a database tree. If a minimal key any1 and/or a maximal key any2 is given, the smallest key from that range is returned. See also tree, leaf, maxKey and genKey.
: (minKey (tree 'nr '+Item))
-> 1
: (minKey (tree 'nr '+Item) 3 5)
-> 3
(mini 'fun 'lst ..) -> any
Applies fun to each element of lst. When additional lst arguments are given, their elements are also passed to fun. Returns that element from lst for which fun returned a minimal value (and stores the minimal value in the global variable @@). See also maxi and sort.
: (setq A 1  B 2  C 3)
-> 3
: (mini val '(A B C))
-> A
(mix 'lst cnt|'any ..) -> lst
Builds a list from the elements of the argument lst, as specified by the following cnt|'any arguments. If such an argument is a positive number, the n'th element from lst is taken. If it is a negative number, the n'th CDR. Otherwise that argument is evaluated and the result is used.
: (mix '(a b c d) 3 4 1 2)
-> (c d a b)
: (mix '(a b c d) -2 1)
-> ((c d) a)
: (mix '(a b c d) 1 'A 4 'D)
-> (a A d D)
(mmeq 'lst 'lst) -> any
Returns the tail of the second argument lst that starts with a member of the first argument lst, otherwise NIL. == is used for comparison (pointer equality). See also member, memq, asoq and delq.
: (mmeq '(a b c) '(d e f))
-> NIL
: (mmeq '(a b c) '(d b x))
-> (b x)
(money 'num ['sym]) -> sym
Formats a number num into a digit string with two decimal places, according to the current locale. If an additional currency name is given, it is appended (separated by a space). See also telStr, datStr and format.
: (money 123456789)
-> "1,234,567.89"
: (money 12345 "EUR")
-> "123.45 EUR"
: (locale "DE" "de")
-> NIL
: (money 123456789 "EUR")
-> "1.234.567,89 EUR"
(more 'lst ['fun]) -> flg
(more 'cls) -> any
(Debug mode only) Displays the elements of lst (first form), or the type and methods of cls (second form). fun defaults to println. In the second form, the method definitions of cls are pretty-printed with pp. After each step, more waits for a key, and terminates when ESC is pressed. In that case, T is returned, otherwise (when end of data is reached) NIL. See also query and show.
: (more (all))                         # Display all internal symbols
!
$
%
&
*
-> T

: (more (all) show)                    # 'show' all internal symbols
! 27131845007
   doc "@doc/ref_.html"
   *Dbg ((1458 "@src/flow.l" llvm pico))
$ 27131845049
   doc "@doc/ref_.html"
   *Dbg ((1508 "@src/flow.l" llvm pico))
% -27131839417
   doc "@doc/ref_.html"
   *Dbg ((1245 "@src/big.l" llvm pico))
& -27131839537
   doc "@doc/ref_.html"
   *Dbg ((1380 "@src/big.l" llvm pico))
* -27131839339
   doc "@doc/ref_.html"
   *Dbg ((1174 "@src/big.l" llvm pico))
...

: (more '+Link)                        # Display a class
(+relation)
(dm mis> (Val Obj)
   (and
      Val
      (nor (isa (: type) Val) ("canQuery" Val))
      "Type error" ) )
(dm T (Var Lst)
   (unless (=: type (car Lst)) (quit "No Link" Var))
   (super Var) )
-> NIL
(msg 'any ['any ..]) -> any
Prints any with print, followed by all any arguments (printed with prin) and a newline, to standard error. The first any argument is returned.
: (msg (1 a 2 b 3 c) " is a mixed " "list")
(1 a 2 b 3 c) is a mixed list
-> (1 a 2 b 3 c)